Top 50 Salesforce Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Salesforce is a leading cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) platform that helps businesses of all sizes streamline their sales, service, marketing, and analytics operations. Known for its robust and customizable solutions, Salesforce enables organizations to manage customer interactions and data efficiently. As businesses increasingly prioritize digital transformation, the demand for Salesforce developers has surged across various industries, including finance, healthcare, retail, and technology. These developers are essential for customizing Salesforce applications to meet specific business needs, integrating third-party tools, and ensuring optimal performance. The growing reliance on Salesforce solutions has created a lucrative job market for skilled developers, making it one of the most sought-after careers in the tech industry today.

In this article, we have covered 50 beginner-level, advanced-level, development-level, integration-related, security-related, deployment-related, and miscellaneous questions with answers.

50 Salesforce Developer Fresher Interview Questions with Answers

Basic Questions

1. What is Salesforce?
   • Answer: Salesforce is a cloud-based CRM platform that provides a comprehensive suite of tools for customer relationship management, including sales, service, marketing, and analytics.
2. What is the difference between a standard object and a custom object in Salesforce?
   • Answer: Standard objects are predefined by Salesforce (e.g., Accounts, Contacts). Custom objects are created by users to store data unique to their organization.
3. What is an Apex class?
   • Answer: An Apex class is a blueprint from which Apex objects are created. Classes consist of variables and methods.
4. What is a trigger in Salesforce?
   • Answer: A trigger is an Apex code that executes before or after specific data manipulation events on a particular object, such as insert, update, or delete.
5. What are Governor Limits in Salesforce?
   • Answer: Governor Limits are runtime limits enforced by the Salesforce platform to ensure efficient processing and resource usage.

Advanced Questions

6. What is a sandbox in Salesforce?
   • Answer: A sandbox is a copy of your production environment used for development and testing without affecting the live environment.
7. Explain the use of SOQL and SOSL.
   • Answer: SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) is used to query records from a single object. SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) is used to search text across multiple objects.
8. What is a Visualforce page?
   • Answer: Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to build custom user interfaces in Salesforce using HTML-like syntax and Apex.
9. How can you call an Apex class from a Visualforce page?
   • Answer: An Apex class can be called from a Visualforce page using a controller or controller extension.
10. What is a custom report type?
    • Answer: A custom report type defines the set of objects and fields available to a report based on relationships between objects.

Data Management Questions

11. What are the different types of relationships in Salesforce?
    • Answer: The main types are Lookup relationships, Master-Detail relationships, and Many-to-Many relationships.
12. What is a roll-up summary field?
    • Answer: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates data from a related list of child records (e.g., sum, minimum, maximum, count).
13. How do you ensure data integrity in Salesforce?
    • Answer: Data integrity can be ensured using validation rules, workflow rules, and proper data modeling practices.
14. What is the use of the Data Loader tool?
    • Answer: Data Loader is a client application used to bulk import, update, delete, or export Salesforce records.
15. What is a permission set?
    • Answer: A permission set is a collection of settings and permissions that give users access to various tools and functions without changing their profiles.

Development Questions

16. How can you debug Apex code in Salesforce?
    • Answer: Apex code can be debugged using debug logs, the Developer Console, and by writing test classes.
17. What is a Test Class in Apex?
    • Answer: A Test Class is used to test Apex code. It ensures that the code functions correctly and meets the required code coverage.
18. What are custom settings?
    • Answer: Custom settings are similar to custom objects and provide a way to create and manage custom data at the application level or organizational level.
19. Explain the use of @AuraEnabled annotation.
    • Answer: The @AuraEnabled annotation is used to expose Apex methods to Lightning components, enabling the methods to be called from the client-side.
20. What is the difference between a trigger and a workflow rule?
    • Answer: Triggers are Apex code executed based on specific data changes, while workflow rules are point-and-click automation used to execute actions based on criteria.

Integration Questions

21. What is a REST API in Salesforce?
    • Answer: REST API allows external systems to interact with Salesforce using RESTful principles, performing CRUD operations on Salesforce data.
22. How do you integrate Salesforce with external systems?
    • Answer: Integration can be done using REST/SOAP APIs, middleware tools, outbound messaging, and Apex callouts.
23. What is OAuth in Salesforce?
    • Answer: OAuth is a protocol that allows secure authorization from third-party applications by exchanging tokens instead of credentials.
24. Explain the concept of Connected Apps.
    • Answer: Connected Apps allow external applications to integrate with Salesforce using APIs and standard protocols like OAuth.
25. What is the use of External Objects?
    • Answer: External objects are used to access data outside your Salesforce organization. They are similar to custom objects but map to data stored outside Salesforce.

Security Questions

26. What are sharing rules?
    • Answer: Sharing rules allow for exceptions to the organization-wide default settings, giving specific users or groups access to records they don’t own.
27. What is the difference between roles and profiles?
    • Answer: Profiles define what users can do (permissions), while roles determine what data users can see (record-level access).
28. What is field-level security?
    • Answer: Field-level security controls the visibility and editability of fields within objects for specific users.
29. How do you secure data in Salesforce?
    • Answer: Data can be secured using organization-wide defaults, role hierarchies, sharing rules, profiles, permission sets, and field-level security.
30. What is a public group?
    • Answer: A public group is a collection of users, roles, and other groups used to simplify the creation and management of sharing rules.

Deployment Questions

31. What is the change set?
    • Answer: A change set is a deployment tool that allows you to transfer metadata between Salesforce environments.
32. How do you deploy metadata in Salesforce?
    • Answer: Metadata can be deployed using change sets, the Ant Migration Tool, or Salesforce DX.
33. What is Salesforce DX?
    • Answer: Salesforce DX is a set of tools and practices that enhance the development lifecycle, including version control, continuous integration, and automated testing.
34. What are the different types of sandboxes in Salesforce?
    • Answer: The main types are Developer, Developer Pro, Partial Copy, and Full sandboxes, each serving different development and testing needs.
35. Explain the use of the Ant Migration Tool.
    • Answer: The Ant Migration Tool is a command-line utility based on Apache Ant for moving metadata between a local directory and a Salesforce org.

Miscellaneous Questions

36. What is a Lightning Component?
    • Answer: A Lightning Component is a modular, reusable user interface element created using the Lightning Component Framework.
37. What is a Lightning App Builder?
    • Answer: The Lightning App Builder is a point-and-click tool that allows users to create custom pages for Salesforce Lightning Experience and mobile apps.
38. What is the use of the AppExchange?
    • Answer: AppExchange is a marketplace for Salesforce apps, components, and consulting services.
39. What is a Queue in Salesforce?
    • Answer: A Queue is a location where records are routed to await processing by a group of users.
40. What is the use of Schema Builder?
    • Answer: Schema Builder is a tool that provides a dynamic environment to add new custom objects, fields, and relationships to your schema.

Lightning Questions

41. What is the Lightning Experience?
    • Answer: Lightning Experience is the modern, user-friendly interface provided by Salesforce, designed to improve productivity and ease of use.
42. What is Aura Framework?
    • Answer: Aura is a UI framework used for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices.
43. How do you create a Lightning Component?
    • Answer: A Lightning Component is created using the Lightning Component Framework with Aura components, JavaScript, and Apex.
44. What is a Lightning Data Service?
    • Answer: Lightning Data Service provides declarative access to Salesforce data and metadata without writing Apex code.
45. What is a Lightning Web Component (LWC)?
    • Answer: LWC is a modern framework for building single-page applications with reusable components using HTML, JavaScript, and modern web standards.

Troubleshooting Questions

46. How do you handle exceptions in Apex?
    • Answer: Exceptions in Apex are handled using try-catch blocks, allowing developers to gracefully handle errors.
47. What is a debug log?
    • Answer: A debug log records database operations, system processes, and errors, which helps developers troubleshoot and debug Apex code.
48. How do you optimize SOQL queries?
    • Answer: SOQL queries can be optimized by selecting only necessary fields, using filters effectively, and leveraging indexes.
49. What is a governor limit exception?
    • Answer: A governor limit exception occurs when the Salesforce platform enforces a limit, such as the number of SOQL queries or DML statements in a transaction, to maintain system stability.
50. How do you monitor performance in Salesforce?
    • Answer: Performance can be monitored using tools like the Developer Console, debug logs, and the Lightning Performance Toolkit.

These questions and answers should help you prepare for a Salesforce developer interview, covering a broad range of topics from basic to advanced levels, including development, integration, security, deployment, and miscellaneous topics.